1. What is it?
An ankle sprain is when ligamentous damage occurs. The most common type of ankle sprain is an inversion sprain which damages ligaments on the outside of the ankle.
2. What are the causes/predisposing factors of injury?
Usually caused by trauma. For example, awkward foot placement, or stepping on something where the foot rolls under and damages or stretches the ligaments. People who have weak ankles or overpronators will be more likely to have this injury.
3. What are the symptoms?
Immediate pain in the ankle that will increase as the swelling increases. A severe or complete rupture may not be as painful since the nerves in the area may also be damaged, in this case there will be a major loss of function in the foot.
4. What can be done to prevent or treat this condition?
Prevention is geared at strengthening the muscles supporting the ankle and maintaining flexibility. Avoid uneven terrain if you feel susceptible to ankle injuries.
Treatment consists of cessation of activity, elevation of injured leg, ice, ultrasound, taping the ankle for support and, if required, crutches. More serious sprains may require surgical repair of the torn ligaments. Allow at least 6-8 weeks for recovery, longer for more severe cases